CCNA Discovery 2.4

1. In an 8 bit binary number, what is the total number of combinations of the eight bits?

• 128

• 254

• 255

• 256

• 512

• 1024

2. Convert the decimal number 231 into its binary equivalent. Select the correct answer from the list below.

• 11110010

• 11011011

• 11110110

• 11100111

• 11100101

• 11101110

3. How many usable hosts are available given a Class C IP address with the default subnet mask?

• 254

• 255

• 256

• 510

• 511

• 512

4. Which statement describes NAT overload or PAT?

• Each internal address is dynamically translated to an individual external IP address.

• A single internal address is always translated to the same unique external IP address.

• Many internal addresses can be translated to a single IP address using different port assignments.

• Many internal addresses are statically assigned a single IP address and port to use for communications.

5. Which IPv4 class of addresses provides the most networks?

• Class A

• Class B

• Class C

• Class D

• Class E

6. Which statement accurately describes public IP addresses?

• Public addresses cannot be used within a private network.

• Public IP addresses must be unique across the entire Internet.

• Public addresses can be duplicated only within a local network.

• Public IP addresses are only required to be unique within the local network.

• Network administrators are free to select any public addresses to use for network devices that access the Internet.

7. Which two statements describe classful IP addresses? (Choose two.)

• It is possible to determine which class an address belongs to by reading the first bit.

• The number of bits used to identify the hosts is fixed by the class of the network.

• Only Class A addresses can be represented by high-order bits 100.

• Up to 24 bits can make up the host portion of a Class C address.

• Up to 24 bits can be used to identify unique networks.

• Three of the five classes of addresses are reserved for multicasts and experimental use.

8. Company XYZ uses a network address of 192.168.4.0. It uses the mask of 255.255.255.224 to create subnets. What is the maximum number of usable hosts in each subnet?

• 6

• 14

• 30

• 62

9. What is the network broadcast address for a Class C address of 192.168.32.0 with the default subnet mask?

• 192.168.0.0

• 192.168.0.255

• 192.168.32.0

• 192.168.32.254

• 192.168.32.255

10. Refer to the exhibit. Host A is connected to the LAN, but it cannot get access to any resources on the Internet. The configuration of the host is shown in the exhibit. What could be the cause of the problem?

• The host subnet mask is incorrect.

• The default gateway is a network address.

• The default gateway is a broadcast address.

• The default gateway is on a different subnet from the host.

11. IPv6 increases the IP address size from 32 bits to how many bits?

• 64

• 96

• 128

• 192

• 256

• 512

12. What is the range of the first octet in a Class B address?

• 127 to 191

• 127 to 192

• 128 to 191

• 128 to 192

13. Which IPv4 class provides the highest number of host addresses per network?

• Class A

• Class B

• Class C

• Class D

• Class E

14.refer to the exhibit. Which range of IP addresses would allow hosts that are connected to the Router1 Fa0/0 interface to access outside networks?

• 192.168.1.0 through 192.168.1.95

• 192.168.1.66 through 192.168.1.94

• 192.168.1.66 through 192.168.1.96

• 192.168.1.0 through 192.168.1.127

• 192.168.1.66 through 192.168.1.128

15. Which option shows the proper notation for an IPv6 address?

• 2001,0db8,3c55,0015,abcd,ff13

• 2001-0db8-3c55-0015-abcd-ff13

• 2001.0db8.3c55.0015.abcd.ff13

• 2001:0db8:3c55:0015::abcd:ff13

16. What are two reasons that NAT was developed? (Choose two.)

• to preserve registered public IP addresses

• to allow users on the public Internet to access local networks

• to provide a method for privately addressed LANs to participate in the Internet

• to make routing protocols operate more efficiently

• to allow private addresses to be routed on the public Internet

• to reduce overhead and CPU usage on gateway routers

17. What must happen for a privately addressed host on an inside local network to be able to communicate with an outside destination host on the Internet?

• The host IP address must be translated to an outside private address.

• The host IP address must be translated to an inside local address.

• The host IP address must be translated to an outside local address.

• The host IP address must be translated to an inside global address.

18. Which port numbers are used by PAT to create unique global addresses?

• 255 and below

• 1024 and below

• 1025 and above

• 64,000 and above

19. Static NAT works by mapping a specific inside local IP address to what other specific address type?

• inside global

• outside local

• outside global

• private IP address

20. What are three advantages of NAT implementations? (Choose three.)

• improved security

• improved router performance

• decreased processor load

• improved scalability

• universal application compatibility

• sharing few public IP addresses with many hosts

Labskill2 - Lab 3.2.4.2 Evaluating a Cabling Upgrade Plan

Lab 3.2.4.2 Evaluating a Cabling Upgrade  Plan

Objectives

• Examine the existing floor plan of a customer.
• Propose a cable upgrade plan to accommodate extra floor space.

Background / Preparation

A medium sized company has existing space on the second floor of an office tower and has  just acquired the rest of the second floor. They have  asked you to examine their existing floor plan and assist the the placement of a new IDF, placement of cables to support all of the new office space, and to help determine  if any new devices are required. This lab can be done individually or in groups. The following resources are required:

• Existing Floor Plan (provided)

Step 1: Examine the existing floor plan

a.  From the information provided on the existing floor plan, label the following items:

1.    POP –Point of Presence

2.    MDF – Main Distribution Facility

3.    IDF – Intermediate Distribution Facility

4.    vertical/Backbone Cabling

5.    Horizontal Cabling

b.     What type of cabling could be used for the vertical/back bone cabling? Explain your answer

Jawab:

Kabel yang digunakan ialah vertical backbone cable, alasannya karena jaringan yang akan dibangun terletak pada lantai dua dan jika dianalogikan posisi masing masing device kerja atau bagian kerja akan bersimpangan. Oleh karena itu kabel yang digunakan ialah vertical backbone cable dangan sambungan vertical patch panel.

Step 2 :Evaluate plan for new floor space.

Any Company  has just  merged  with a small web design group and has acquired the remaining space on the second floor  to accommodate the web design tea. This  new space is represented on the diagram as the floor  space highlighted on the right side of the floor  plan.  It has been decided to add a second IDF to  support the work stations in the new area.

a.    Suggest a possible  location for the new IDF . What room / location did you choose and explain why you think it is suitable?

Jawab:

Ruangan / lokasi yang cocok untuk memasang IDF baru ialah pada telecommunication room  karena IDF sebagai fasilitas pendistribusi merupakan perangkat yang harus tersusun dengan perangkat server.

b.    What type of cable would you suggest for the vertical cabling required to connect the new IDF to the existing MDF? Explain your reasons

Jawab:

Jenis cable yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan IDF dan MDF adalah Horizontal Cabling, alasannya IDF dan MDF dihubungkan untuk langsung terkoneksi ke area kerja (work area) sehingga harus menggunakan cabel horizontal.

c.    The new space contains mostly offices.  Assume that each office will be provisioned with 2 data drops. Also plan for 2 drops  in the auditorium to support Internet access for presentations and training sessions. How many additional data drops need to be ordered?

Jawab: dibutuhkan dua data drops lagi.

d.    You have been asked to determine the number of  new 24 port switches required for the new IDF. Remember to plan on approximately 25% growth. How many new switches will Company ABC need to purchase?

Jawab:

banyaknya switch yang dibutuhkan dengan perkembangan perusahaan yang dianalisa 25% adalah 60 buah switch dengan perhitungan. Masing – masing lantai terdiri dari 24 switch dan perlutambahan untuk perkembangan sebanyak 6 buah = 24 x 2 = 48 + 12 = 60 buah switch

e.    How many horizontal cables will terminate on patch panels in the new IDF?

Jawab:

Sebanyak 32  buah kabel horizontal, termasuk pada telecommunications room.

Step3: Examine the floor space and wiring plan.

a.    What equipment other than switches would you expect to find in the new IDF?

Jawab : Horizontal cable, Switch,hub

b.    What equipment other than switches would you expect to find in the MDF?

Jawab : Vertical cable,Router.

c.    Using existing cable runs, could you use UTP to connect the devices  in room 2.20 or 2 .30 directly into a switch in the MDF?

Jawab : Ya bisa dapat langsung digunakan.

Step 4 . Reflection

a.    Is  it better to have an IDF in this floor space or should the company run the horizontal cables for each device directly back to the existing MDF?

Jawab:

Lebih baik menggukan IDF dengan koneksi kabel horizontal untuk terhubung sebagai mediator untuk distribusi.

b.    How many cables will be required from the MDF to the IDF to support the switches? Explain your answer

Jawab : 3 buah kabel, alasannya setelah terkoneksi dengan router, dibutuhkan 3 lagi alat berupa repeater. Maka agar alat itu bisa digunakan dibutuhkan 3 lagi kabel horizontal

Labskill 2 - Lab 1.2.3 Mapping ISP Connectivity Using Traceroute

Lab 1.2.3 Mapping ISP Connectivity Using Traceroute

Objectives

• Run the Windows tracert utility from a local host computer to a website on a different continent.
• Interpret the traceroute output to determine which ISPs the packets passed through on their way from the local host to the destination website. 
• Draw a diagram of the traceroute path, showing the routers and ISP clouds passed through from the local host to the destination website, including IP addresses for each device.

Background / Preparation 

In this activity, you will use the Windows tracert utility to map Internet connectivity between your local ISP and the other ISPs that it uses to provide global Internet access. You will also map connectivity to the following major Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). However, your instructor may choose different destination websites. 

·         AfriNIC (African Network Information Centre) – Africa Region

·         APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre) – Asia/Pacific Region

·          ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) – North America Region

·         LACNIC (Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry) – Latin America and some Caribbean Islands

·         RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens) – Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia

This activity can be done individually, in pairs, or in teams. It can be done as an in-class activity or as a homework assignment, depending on whether the classroom computers have access to the Internet.  The following resources are required:

• Host computer with the Windows operating system
• Access to the command prompt
• Internet connection
• Routes Traced worksheet for each destination URL. The worksheet is attached to this lab. Each student completes their own worksheets and gives them to the instructor.
• Global Connectivity Map, which is attached at the end of this lab
•  Access to the PC command prompt

Step 1: Run the tracert utility from a host computer

a.    Verify that the host computer has a connection to the Internet.

b.    Open a Command Prompt window by clicking Start > Run and typing cmd. Alternatively, you may click Start > All programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.

c.    At the prompt, type tracert and your first destination website. The output should look similar to the following:

d.    Save the tracert output in a text file as follows:

1.    Right-click the title bar of the Command Prompt window and choose Edit > Select All.

2.    Right-click the title bar of the Command Prompt window again and choose Edit > Copy.

3.    Open the Windows Notepad program: Start > All Programs > Accessories > Notepad.

4.    To paste the output into Notepad, choose Edit > Paste.

5.    Choose File > Save As and save the Notepad file to your desktop as tracert1.txt.

e.    Run tracert for each destination website and save the output in sequentially numbered files.

f.     Run tracert from a different computer network, for example, from the public library or from a friend’s computer that accesses the Internet using a different ISP (for instance, cable instead of DSL). Save a copy of that output in Notepad and print it out for later reference.

Step 2: Interpret tracert outputs to determine ISP connectivity

Routes traced may go through many hops and a number of different ISPs depending on the size of your ISP and the location of the source and destination hosts. In the example output shown below, the tracert packets travel from the source PC to the local router default gateway to the ISPs Point of Presence (POP) router and then to an Internet Exchange Point (IXP). From there they pass through two Tier 2 ISP routers and then though several Tier 1 ISP routers as they move across the Internet backbone. When they leave the Tier 1 ISPs backbone, they move through another Tier 2 ISP on the way to the destination server at

www.ripe.net.

a. Open the first traceroute output file and answer the following questions. 

1.    What is the IP address of your local POP router? 

Jawab:

IP Address dari local POP Router adalah 192.168.190.6

2.    How many hops did the traceroute packet take on its journey from the host computer to the destination?

Jawab:

Pengambilan paket data selama proses pada tracert ada sebanyak 16 kali

3.    How many different ISPs did the traceroute packet pass through on its journey from the host computer to the destination?

Jawab:

Jumlah tracert melewati isp yang berbeda untuk sampai ketujuan ada sebanyak 5 kali adapun alamat alamat tujuan.

·         if-1-0-0-1980.mcore3.laa-losangeles.as6453.net [66.110.59.18]

·         ix-10-0-0-0.tcore1.lvw-losangeles.as6453.net [216.6.84.49]

·         if-10-0.core3.nto-newyork.as6453.net [216.6.57.66]

·         if-7-0-0.core2.ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net [80.231.81.45]

·         if-4-0.mcore3.njy-newark.as6453.net [216.6.84.2]

4.    List the IP addresses and URLs of all the devices in the traceroute output in the order that they appear on the Routes Traced worksheet. 

5.    In the Network Owner column of the worksheet, identify which ISP owns each router. If the router belongs to your LAN, write “LAN”. The last two parts of the URL indicates the ISP name. For example, a router that has “sprint.net” in its URL belongs to the network of an ISP called Sprint. 

6.    Did the traceroute pass through an unidentified router between two ISPs? This might be an IXP. Run the whois command utility or whois function of a visual traceroute program to identify ownership of that router. Alternatively, go to http://www.arin.net/whois to determine to whom the IP is assigned. 

b. Complete the worksheet using the traceroute output file for each of the other destination URLs.

c. Compare your results from the different traceroute output files. Did your ISP connect to different ISPs to reach different destinations?

Jawab:  

Ya, pada kasus melakukan tracert ke http://whois.arin.net/ui isp nya masing masing protocol yang berbeda salaing terkoneksi untuk mencapai tujuan yaitu hit-nxdomain.opends.com [67.215.65.132]

Dan ISP yang berbeda untuk saling terkoneksi adalah

1.    xe-1-0-0.r21.newthk02.hk.bb.gin.ntt.net [129.250.3.206]

2.    p64-4-1-1.r21.tokyjp01.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net [129.250.3.1]

3.    as-0.r21.Isanca03.us.bb.gin.ntt.net [192.250.6.4]

d. If you ran a traceroute from a different computer network, check the output for that traceroute file as well. Was the number of hops different to reach the same destination from different local ISPs? Which ISP was able to reach the destination in fewer hops?

Jawab:

Jumlah HOP untuk mencapai destination pada sebuah alamat tracert yang dituju akan tetap sama. Meskipun telah dilakukan beberapa kali test tracert akan memunculkan jumlah list hop yang sama. Maka ISP yang membutuhkan sedikit hop untuk mencapai tujuannya adalah ISP B (cable service provider)

Step 3: Map the connectivity of your ISP

a.    For each traceroute output, draw a diagram on a separate sheet of paper showing how your local ISP interconnects with other ISPs to reach the destination URL, as follows: 

1.    Show all of the devices in sequence from the LAN router to the destination website server. Label all of the devices with their IP addresses.

2.    Draw a box around the local POP router that you identified, and label the box “POP”. 

3.    Draw an ISP cloud around all the routers that belong to each ISP, and label the cloud with the ISP name.

4.    Draw a box around any IXP routers that you identified, and label the box “IXP”. 

b.    Use the Global Connectivity Map to create a combined drawing showing only ISP clouds and IXP boxes. 

Worksheet for Routes Traced

Destination URL: www.ripe.net [193.0.6.139]          Total Number of Hops: 16

Router IP Address	Router URL (if any)	Network Owner (LAN, Name of ISP or IXP)
192.168.190.6		ns4.unp.ac.id
192.168.37.9	58.26.87.109	tm.net.my
66.110.59.18		losangeles.as6453.net
216.6.84.49		losangeles.as6453.net
216.6.84.2		njy-newark.as6453.net
216.6.57.66		nto-newyork.as6453.net
80.231.81.45		ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net
80.231.81.18		ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net
195.219.150.70		ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net
195.69.144.68		gw.amsix.nikrtr.ripe.net
193.0.6.139		www.ripe.net

CCNA Discovery 2 Module 3 Exam Answers Version 4.0

1. Which two benefits can be gained by locating network equipment in a telecommunications closet, rather than in a user area? (Choose two.)
• faster communication speeds
• improved physical security
• more resistant to hacker attempts
• centralized cable management
• less electrical usage

2. Which three issues should be noted on the technician's site survey report? (Choose three.)
• unlabeled cables
• only two power outlets per wall in each room
• poor physical security of network devices
• horizontal cabling runs under 100 meters
• lack of UPS for critical devices
• two users sharing the same computer

3. Which two types of cable are used for initial router configuration? (Choose two.)
• serial cable
• rollover cable
• straight-through cable
• crossover cable
• patch cable
• console cable

4. In addition to the inventory sheet, what other information about the hosts and networking equipment should be documented by the on-site technician while performing the site survey?
• any obsolete office equipment being stored
• all product keys for site license software
• any planned growth anticipated in the near future
• the memory requirements for installed application software

5. Refer to the exhibit. What type of device is used to connect two networks?
• hub
• router
• switch
• access point

6. It is said that the goal for availability of a communications system is "five-9s". What is meant by this?
• A down time of .00001% is unacceptable.
• A network needs to be available 99.999% of the time.
• Five percent of all network expense covers 99% of user requirements.
• The most critical time for network availability is from 9:00 to 5:00 p.m. five days a week.
• The best time to do maintenance on a network is from 5:00 p.m. to 9:00 a.m. five days a week.

7. What three things are included in a logical topology document? (Choose three.)
• the location of cables, computers, and other peripherals
• the path that the data takes through a network
• the wireless signal coverage area
• the wiring closet and access point locations
• the device names and Layer 3 addressing information
• the location of routing, network address translation, and firewall filtering

8. Which device has the ability to break up broadcast and collision domains?
• repeater
• hub
• router
• switch

9. Why is it important to review the results of an on-site survey report with the customer before beginning the network design?
• to inform the customer of how much time the upgrade will take
• to discuss the implementation schedule for the new equipment
• to verify that the report accurately describes the current network and any plans for expansion
• to layout the new network design and discuss possible equipment upgrades and replacements

10. A client requires a networking device that is capable of expansion to suit growing network demands. What type of device will suit this requirement?
• a networking device with ports that can be activated and deactivated
• a networking device with a modular physical configuration
• a networking device with the ability to be turned off remotely
• a networking device with a cost per port that is as high as possible

11. What does the use of redundant network components supply to a network?
• scalability
• manageability
• compatibility
• reliability

12. What is the benefit for a company to use an ISR router?
• An ISR provides the functionality of a switch, router, and firewall in one device.
• ISRs use a PC operating system for routing traffic, thus simplifying configuration and management.
• An ISR is immune to security attacks by hackers and so replaces all other network security measures.
• ISRs make routing decisions at OSI Layer 7, thus providing more intelligence to the network than do other routers.

13. Which three items are typically found in an MDF? (Choose three.)
• user workstations
• switches and routers
• fax machines
• network equipment racks
• the point of presence
• copier

14. What are two advantages of having ISP-managed services? (Choose two.)
• does not require leasing costs for service
• can guarantee up to 99.999% availability
• eliminates the need for data backup
• increases availability of help desk services
• does not require a Service Level Agreement

15. A manufacturing company is in the process of a network upgrade. Which two statements are true about the phases of the upgrade process? (Choose two.)
• Phase 1 is used to determine network requirements.
• Phase 2 includes creating an analysis report.
• Phase 3 is based on an implementation schedule that allows extra time for unexpected events.
• Phase 4 is where prototypes are created and tested.
• Phase 5 includes identifying and addressing any weaknesses in the design.

16. When designing a network upgrade, which two tasks should the onsite technician perform? (Choose two.)
• configure the servers and routers prior to delivery
• upgrade the network operating system and all client operating systems
• investigate and document the physical layout of the premises
• document the final design for approval by the customer
• perform a site survey to document the existing network structure

17. What is the term for the location at the customer premise where the customer network physically connects to the Internet through a telecommunications service provider?
• backbone area
• point of presence
• network distribution facility
• intermediate distribution frame

18. to the exhibit. Which type of twisted pair cable is used between each device?
• A=console, B=straight, C=crossover, D= crossover, E=straight
• A=straight, B=straight, C=straight, D=crossover, E=console
• A=crossover, B=straight, C=straight, D=crossover, E=crossover
• A=console, B=straight, C=straight, D=crossover, E=crossover
• A=console, B=crossover, C=crossover, D=straight, E=straight

19. In what two ways will entering into a managed service agreement with an ISP for a network upgrade affect the costs that are incurred by the customer? (Choose two.)
• Customer IT training costs will increase to enable operation of the new equipment.
• The cost of hardware repairs and support will become the responsibility of the customer.
• Network upgrade and maintenance costs will become predictable.
• Staffing costs will increase because the customer will need to hire additional IT staff to complete the upgrade.
• The company will not need to spend a large amount of money to purchase the equipmentupfront.

20. Which type of cable has a solid copper core with several protective layers including PVC, braided wire shielding, and a plastic covering?
• STP
• UTP
• coaxial
• fiber optic

21. What must be added when a network expands beyond the coverage area of the current telecommunications room?
• MDF
• POP
• IDF
• IXP